# Steam Frame port: design

Design of iteration 1 (R1–R4, R6, R7 in [REQUIREMENTS.md](REQUIREMENTS.md)).
Status: **approved 2026-10-07**.

Principle: **minimal change set against `qt6`**. Existing OVRAS code is changed only where
the Frame or the "public API only" rule requires it. New parts come in as self-contained
files. Every change gets comments that explain what it does and why.

## Starting point

`qt6` (`2d4db7e`) doesn't build on Linux. Checked in a scratch copy with Qt 6.11; with the
fixes from section 1 it builds:

| Error | Place |
|---|---|
| `Qt::GuiPrivate` not found (Qt ≥ 6.10 requires it in `find_package`) | `CMakeLists.txt` |
| `d3d11.h` and `QRhi::D3D11` used on Linux too | `overlaycontroller.cpp` |
| 8 × easylogging `LOG(...)` left over | `overlaycontroller.cpp` (6), `ChaperoneTabController.cpp`, `MoveCenterTabController.cpp` |
| No link path to `libopenvr_api.so` on Linux | `CMakeLists.txt` |
| `libXtst` not linked (`XTestFakeKeyEvent`) | `CMakeLists.txt` |

Private Qt symbols in the binary built that way (`objdump -T`, `Qt_6_PRIVATE_API`):
- `QQmlPrivate::AOTCompiledContext` (2), from compiling QML to C++.
- 7 × `QRhi…`, from the rendering in `OverlayController`.

## Changes at a glance

| # | Area | Files | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Build fixes, bytecode-only QML, OpenVR per architecture | `CMakeLists.txt`, 3 × `.cpp` | Change |
| 2 | Manifest for Linux; installation tries `Utility`, then `Background` | `manifest.vrmanifest`, `setup.cpp` | Change |
| 3 | Rendering through the template's backends instead of QRhi | `src/render/*` (new), `overlaycontroller.*`, `main.cpp` | New + change |
| 4 | Command-line option `--graphics-api` | `setup.*`, `main.cpp` | Change |
| 5 | Mouse y the right way up | `overlaycontroller.cpp` | Change (−4 lines) |
| 6 | Tick: the timer runs at the tick interval instead of counting 1 ms ticks | `overlaycontroller.cpp` | Change |
| 7 | Platform option `OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME` with capability constants | `CMakeLists.txt`, `src/utils/platform_capabilities.h` (new) | New |
| 8 | No play-area commit at start (R7) | `MoveCenterTabController.cpp` | Change |
| 9 | Frame build, packaging, deployment | `build_scripts/steamframe/*` (new) | New |

## 1. Build (R1)

- **The five errors in the table above:**
  - `GuiPrivate` is not needed after section 3, so it is removed rather than added.
  - `d3d11.h` goes along with QRhi (section 3).
  - `LOG(INFO|WARNING|ERROR)` becomes `qInfo()` / `qWarning()` / `qCritical()`.
  - OpenVR link path and `Xtst` are added.
- **QML as bytecode only:** `qt_add_qml_module(... )` gets the bytecode-only flag
  (`QT_QMLCACHEGEN_ARGUMENTS --only-bytecode`, as the template's
  `VRDASH_QML_BYTECODE_ONLY`). This removes `QQmlPrivate::AOTCompiledContext`. Code compiled
  from QML to C++ only fits the exact Qt version it was built with.
- **Qt modules:**
  - `Core5Compat` is removed: it is unused, and it isn't on the Frame.
  - `GuiPrivate` is removed (section 3).
  - `Widgets`, `QuickDialogs2`, `Svg`, `Multimedia` and `WebSockets` stay. They are present
    on the Frame (SteamOS 0.4.3, system Qt 6.8.0).
- **OpenVR:** the repository's `third-party/openvr`. The library comes from `lib/linux64` or
  `lib/linuxarm64` depending on `CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR`. It is copied next to the binary,
  and the RPATH is `$ORIGIN`.
- **Check:** `objdump -T AdvancedSettings_app | grep Qt_6_PRIVATE_API` may only show `QVulkan*`.
  Qt's Vulkan wrappers carry that tag but are generated from the Vulkan specification.

## 2. Manifest (R2)

- **`manifest.vrmanifest`:** gets `binary_path_linux` and `binary_path_linux_arm`, both set
  to `AdvancedSettings_app`.
  - On Linux, `qt6` names the binary that way (QTBUG-98568).
  - The Frame only reads `binary_path_linux_arm`; entries without it are skipped.
- **`manifest::handleManifests` (`setup.cpp:255`):**
  1. First `VR_Init(Utility)`, as before.
  2. On `VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToUtilityApps`, `VR_Init(Background)`.
  - Same behavior on every platform.
  - `Background` needs a running SteamVR and doesn't start it. `Utility` stays first, so
    that Windows' installer still works without SteamVR running.
  - It calls `VR_Init` directly, without `initializeOpenVR`'s retry loop. That loop waits
    and retries on every error, including the one we expect here.

### 2a. App key already registered by Steam (approved 2026-10-07)

**Finding (Frame test T1):** Steam writes `~/.local/share/Steam/config/steamapps.vrmanifest`
(`"source": "steam"`) with every VR app the user **owns**, installed or not (Frame: 154
entries, 25 installed). It is regenerated by Steam. Whoever owns OVRAS on Steam therefore
always has `steam.overlay.1009850` registered, as `launch_type: url`
(`steam://launch/1009850/openvroverlay`), `is_hidden`. Such an entry has no working
directory. `reinstallApplicationManifest()` treats that as an error ("Could not find working
directory of already installed application: VRApplicationError_PropertyNotSet") and stops.

**Open question:** does SteamVR accept a second manifest for the same key, and which entry
wins? `AddApplicationManifest` may return `VRApplicationError_AppKeyAlreadyExists`. If
Steam's entry wins, auto-start and the dashboard would launch the Steam (Proton) version.

**Change (`setup.cpp`, platform-neutral, also useful upstream):**
- `reinstallApplicationManifest()`: if the key is installed but has no working directory
  (`VRApplicationError_PropertyNotSet`), there is no manifest file to remove. Log it with
  the entry's source and don't remove anything. Then call `AddApplicationManifest` directly
  (`installApplicationManifest()` skips installed keys) and fail with the error's name if it
  is refused.
- New helper `logApplicationEntry()`, called at the end of `--force-install-manifest`: logs
  what SteamVR now reports for the key (source, launch type, working directory, binary path,
  URL, auto-launch). This answers the open question on the Frame.
- Unchanged: the path for a regular earlier installation (with working directory), and
  `installApplicationManifest()` on normal starts.

**Follow-up depending on the result:** if SteamVR refuses our manifest or Steam's entry
wins, the native build needs its own app key (option 2, separate design: the key is also in
the manifest, 7 default action manifests and `SteamVRTabController.h`).

## 3. Rendering through public API (R1, R3)

**From the template** (`4a5b090`, verified on the Frame), adopted largely unchanged:
- `RenderBackend.h/.cpp`: the interface, `RenderInterop`, the factory
- `OpenGLRenderBackend.*`
- `VulkanRenderBackend.*`

They depend only on `openvr.h` and public Qt API:
- textures via `QQuickRenderTarget::fromOpenGLTexture` / `fromVulkanImage`
- Qt's device via `QSGRendererInterface::getResource`

The Vulkan backend already handles what `qt6`'s Vulkan path lacks:
- the instance/device extensions SteamVR requires
- the HMD's GPU (`GetOutputDevice`)
- the correct `VkFormat`
- the layout transition to `TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` after each frame

**Changes in OVRAS:**
- **`main.cpp`**, in this order:
  1. parse the command line
  2. `initializeOpenVR(Overlay)`
  3. `createRenderBackend(api)` and `initialize(renderInterop)`
  4. `QQuickWindow::setGraphicsApi(backend->graphicsApi())`
  5. construct `OverlayController(…, backend)`

  `setGraphicsApi` must come before any `QQuickWindow` exists. `OverlayController::m_window`
  is a member, so the API is fixed before the controller is constructed.
- **`openvr_init`:** gets `renderInterop()`. Its three functions query
  `GetVulkanInstanceExtensionsRequired`, `GetVulkanDeviceExtensionsRequired` and
  `GetOutputDevice`; the code is copied from the template's `VrRuntime::renderInterop()`.
- **`OverlayController::SetWidget`:** the QRhi block (`newTexture`, `newTextureRenderTarget`,
  `QVulkanInstance` creation) is replaced by:
  1. `backend->configureWindow(&m_window)`
  2. `m_renderControl.initialize()`
  3. `backend->attachWindow(&m_window)`
  4. `m_window.setRenderTarget(backend->createRenderTarget(size))`
- **`OverlayController::renderOverlay`:** the frame is wrapped in
  `backend->beginFrame()` / `finishFrame()`. Submission is
  `SetOverlayTexture(backend->vrTexture())` plus
  `SetOverlayTextureBounds(backend->vrTextureBounds())`, while `makeCurrent()` is active (the
  OpenGL submission requires it). `SetOverlayFromQRhiTexture` and the QRhi members are
  removed.
- **Frame-rate cap:** the render delay timer goes from 5 to 16 ms. A frame starts at most
  16 ms after a change request, which is about 60 fps.
- **Shutdown:** `exitApp()` ends with `exit()`, so destructors don't run. Before that it calls
  `vr::VR_Shutdown()`.
  - Why: OpenVR has to shut down while the graphics device still exists. Otherwise its client
    frees objects on a dead `VkDevice`, which crashed on the Frame with Vulkan.
  - Today OVRAS never calls `VR_Shutdown` in overlay mode.

## 4. Command-line option `--graphics-api` (R3)

- **Syntax:** `--graphics-api opengl|vulkan`; the default is `opengl`.
  - It goes into `CommandLineOptions` and `returnCommandLineParser` (`setup.*`), next to the
    existing options.
- **Unknown value, or Vulkan not compiled in:** error message, exit code `GENERAL_FAILURE`.
- **No automatic fallback.** OpenGL is the default anyway, and an explicit choice shouldn't
  be changed silently (as in the template).
- **Vulkan in the build:** compiled in when the Vulkan headers and a Qt with Vulkan support
  are present. The cross container has both.

## 5. Mouse y (R4)

- `getMousePositionForEvent` already flips `y` everywhere, then flips it back on Linux in
  `#ifdef __linux__`. The Linux block goes, so `y` is flipped on every platform.
- Why: SteamVR delivers mouse coordinates in GL convention (y from the bottom), regardless of
  platform and graphics API. This was verified with the template on the Frame for OpenGL and
  Vulkan.
- The "`TODO temp mouse is negative??`" comment is replaced by this explanation.

## 6. Tick (R6)

- **Today:** `m_pumpEventsTimer` fires every 1 ms.
  - With "vsync" on, it checks for a new compositor frame.
  - With "Disable App Vsync", it counts 1 ms ticks up to `customTickRateMs`.
- **Change:**
  - With "Disable App Vsync", the timer runs directly at `customTickRateMs`, as a
    `Qt::PreciseTimer`. The 1 ms counting is dropped. Same behavior, about 1/11 of the
    wake-ups at 11 ms.
  - `setVsyncDisabled` / `setCustomTickRateMs` restart the timer with the new interval.
  - The vsync mode stays unchanged.
- **Frame defaults** through the platform option (section 7): `vsyncDisabled = true` and
  `customTickRateMs = 11`, about 90 Hz as in the template's event polling. Tick-counted
  intervals in OVRAS (designed for ~90 fps) keep their meaning.
  - Upstream defaults stay `false` / `20`.
  - Both can still be changed in the OVRAS settings.
- **Measurement:** `pidstat -p <pid> 10 6` on the Frame, in three states: dashboard closed,
  OVRAS tab visible, another tab visible.

## 7. Platform option and capability constants

- **CMake option `OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME`:** default `OFF`, `ON` in the Frame build. It sets the
  compile definition `OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME=1`.
- **New `src/utils/platform_capabilities.h`:** the only place that evaluates the definition.
  - Everything else asks for named constants and never for the platform.
  - Each constant is commented with why it differs on the Frame.
  - Iteration 1:

```cpp
namespace platform
{
// IVRChaperoneSetup::CommitWorkingCopy changes the live play area. On the
// Steam Frame (inside-out tracking) this shifts the boundary.
constexpr bool k_chaperoneCommitSupported = !OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME;
// Fixed-interval tick instead of 1 ms vsync polling (fewer wake-ups).
constexpr bool k_defaultVsyncDisabled = OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME;
constexpr int k_defaultCustomTickRateMs = OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME ? 11 : 20;
} // namespace platform
```

- The setting defaults in `settings_controller.h` use the two default constants.

## 8. No play-area commit at start (R7)

**Cause** (`MoveCenterTabController.cpp`):
- `zeroOffsets()` → `updateChaperoneResetData()` → `CommitWorkingCopy(Live)` (`:1185`).
- At init it creates an autosave profile (`:1109`), but only when
  `GetCalibrationState() != 200`.
- Otherwise `m_pendingZeroOffsets` stays set, and the commit repeats on every tick.

**Change:**
- With `!platform::k_chaperoneCommitSupported`:
  - `updateChaperoneResetData()` still reads the working copy, but skips
    `CommitWorkingCopy` / `RevertWorkingCopy`.
  - The same applies to `applyChaperoneResetData()`.
  - The init autosave profile is skipped.
  - Each skip is logged once.
- What the playspace features do when the user operates them is R5 (iteration 2).

## 9. Frame build, packaging, deployment (R1, R2)

New files under `build_scripts/steamframe/`, adapted from the template. They change no
existing code:

| File | Purpose |
|---|---|
| `cross-arm64.Dockerfile` | Debian trixie (Qt 6.8) with arm64 multiarch libraries, cross compiler |
| `native.Dockerfile` | The same for the host's own architecture (on the Frame: native build); base of the test container |
| `test.Dockerfile` | Mesa (incl. lavapipe), Vulkan validation layers, Xvfb |
| `aarch64-linux-gnu.cmake` | Cross-compile toolchain |
| `container-build.sh cross\|native` | Builds with `OVRAS_STEAM_FRAME=ON` → `build/steamframe-<mode>/Release/` |
| `container-test.sh` | Render tests with both APIs, Vulkan with validation layers |
| `package-release.sh` | Build output + `install.sh` / `uninstall.sh` / `run.sh` / `README.txt` → `dist/AdvancedSettings-<version>-linux-arm64(.tar.gz)` |
| `deploy-to-frame.sh` | Copies the package to the Frame over SSH (`rsync`) and runs `install.sh` there |

- **Scripts in the package:**
  - `install.sh` stops a running instance, registers it (`--force-install-manifest`, auto-start)
    and starts it with `DISPLAY=:0`. Over SSH there is no display, and Qt needs one.
  - `run.sh [opengl|vulkan]` restarts it with a given graphics API.
  - The scripts start the program in the package folder, because OVRAS writes
    `AdvancedSettings.log` into the working directory.
- Packages use the **system Qt**: no Qt is bundled, because of section 3 the binary uses no
  private API.
- RPATH is only `$ORIGIN` (`BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH`): the build tree gets packaged.

## 10. Layout diagnosis: font log and `--snapshot` (approved 2026-10-08)

**Why:** on the Frame the fixed 1200×800 layout overflows: the bottom quarter is cut off
(left: Statistics, Bindings, Settings; right: Microphone, Push-to-Talk), and the navigation
icons overlap their text. `QT_FONT_DPI=96`, `QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_STYLE=Basic` and the Material
"Dense" variant didn't fix it. Font metrics (Noto Sans instead of Segoe UI) are the main
suspect; measuring needs the unwarped rendered image.

**Changes (platform-neutral):**
- `OverlayController::SetWidget()`: logs once the application font (family, pt, px), what
  20 pt (`MyText`) is in px, the screen's logical/physical DPI and the window's device pixel
  ratio.
- Option `--snapshot <file>` (`setup.*`, `main.cpp`, `overlaycontroller.*`): while the
  overlay is visible and rendered, `renderOverlay()` writes `RenderBackend::readback()` as
  PNG to `<file>`, at most once per second (OVRAS only renders when the scene changes, so a
  frame count could never trigger on a still page). Written to `<file>.tmp` and renamed.
  `main.cpp` passes it through a setter, not a new constructor parameter, to keep the diff
  small. Without the option nothing changes.
- `run.sh`: arguments after the graphics API go to the program
  (`./run.sh opengl --snapshot /tmp/ovras.png`).

## 11. Quick Controls style: Fusion, no Material import (approved 2026-10-08)

**Finding (measured with `--snapshot`, DESIGN.md section 10):** the font is as intended (20 pt
= 27 px, 96 DPI, device pixel ratio 1). The controls run in the Material style: `qt6`
(`93c0851`) changed `mainwidget.qml`'s `import QtQuick.Controls` into
`import QtQuick.Controls.Material`. That import fixes Material for all controls and even
overrides `QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_STYLE`. Material's insets and padding make the navigation
buttons 65 px tall (75 px pitch), so the fixed 1200×800 root page loses about its bottom
quarter. Nothing in the file uses Material.

| Style (root page, navigation buttons) | Button | Pitch | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Material (`qt6` as is) | 65 px | 75 px | 9 of 12 buttons visible |
| Basic (Qt 5's "Default" renamed) | 49 px | 59 px | last button cut off (18 of 49 px) |
| Fusion (Qt 6's Linux default) | 45 px | 55 px | everything fits |

**Changes:**
- `mainwidget.qml`: `import QtQuick.Controls` again, as before `93c0851`, with a comment.
- `main.cpp`: `QQuickStyle::setStyle("Fusion")` after `QQuickWindow::setGraphicsApi()`,
  before any QML is loaded. Explicit, so the look and sizes are the same on every platform
  (without it Qt 6 picks Windows' own style there). Links `Qt6QuickControls2` directly
  (already a dependency; present on the Frame: `/usr/lib/libQt6QuickControls2.so.6.8.0`).
- Upstream note: with Material, the layout overflows on Windows too.

## Tests

- **x86_64 locally:** the build succeeds; `objdump` check (R1).
- **Render test `test/render/tst_render`** (`OVRAS_BUILD_TESTS=ON`):
  - Drives the backends and `QQuickRenderControl` in the same order as `OverlayController`.
  - Checks the texture description for SteamVR (type, Vulkan format) and the content and
    orientation via readback.
  - One CTest entry per API.
  - `container-test.sh` runs it with the Vulkan validation layers. It fails on validation
    messages and on skipped tests.
- **OVRAS's keyboard parser test** (`test/keyboard_input`, qmake) is not included in CMake
  in iteration 1 (not run).
- **On the Frame:** the checklist in `PROGRESS.md` per acceptance criterion R1–R4, R6, R7,
  with both graphics APIs.

## Implementation order

1. Build fixes and bytecode-only QML. Linux x86_64 builds with QRhi (baseline).
2. Platform option, R7, tick.
3. Rendering via the template's backends, `--graphics-api`, mouse y, shutdown order.
   `objdump` check.
4. Manifest and installation.
5. Frame build scripts, package, deployment, tests on the Frame (OpenGL, then Vulkan).

## Decisions (formerly open)

- **D1 – Windows render path: (c).** Windows stays open until the upstream evaluation. The
  Windows build is broken on `steamframe` until then (2026-10-07).
- **D2 – Code style: OVRAS style**, including for the template files in `src/render/`
  (2026-10-07).
  - The repository's `.clang-format` dates from 2018-12-27 (one fix the day after). The whole
    code base was reformatted once on 2018-12-28 (`51057c1`). The style hasn't changed since;
    `qt6` uses the same `.clang-format`.
  - The format check in CI is disabled (`.travis.yml`). Under clang-format 22, 12 of 86 files
    in `src/` already deviate today (e.g. `overlaycontroller.cpp` with 138 places, `master`
    likewise).
  - **Hence: only lines we change get formatted (`git clang-format`), never whole existing
    files.** Otherwise the diff would contain unrelated formatting changes. New files are
    formatted completely.